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Western Journal of Nursing Research
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Notes

Comparison of Subjects Who Fully versus Minimally Participated in a Breast-Feeding Study

Pamela D. Hill

University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Quad Cities Program, Rock Island, IL

Sharron S. Humenick

School of Nursing, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.

Sampling bias occurs in research when a large percentage of subjects who are eligible for the study refuse to participate. During Phase I of a two-phase multisite Mother-Baby Feeding Project, approximately 50% of the 235 potential participants atfour of five sites declined to enter the study. This report compares subjects who fully participated with those who minimally participated and explores factors related to subjects' refusal to participate. Data regarding sociodemographic data, breast-feeding experience, and reason for refusal were collected from 92 subjects who declined to enter but agreed to minimally participate. The fully participating subjects had more education than those who participated minimally. However, the breast-feeding outcomes studied were similarfor both groups. This provides supportfor generalizing additional studyfindings beyond the group offully participating subjects when considering breast-feeding outcomes. Findings lend insight into the problem of subject recruitment that is not well-addressed in the nursing literature.

Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 17, No. 3, 328-334 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/019394599501700308
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