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Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 20, No. 3, 325-343 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/019394599802000305

The Oldest Old, ADL, Social Network, and Loneliness

Margareth Bondevik

University of Bergen (Norway), Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care

Anders Skogstad

University of Bergen, Department of Psychosocial Science

This study examined the influence of activities of daily living (ADL) and frequency of social contacts on the loneliness and social relationships in a sample of very elderly individuals. Associations between finctional ability, social contacts, and emotional loneliness and social loneliness were also assessed. The sample was composed of 221 participants age 80 to 105 years, residing in the greater Bergen area in Norway. Results demonstrated that dependence on the environment in ADL is related to low levels of emotional loneliness, whereas only dependence in activities of toileting and transfrrring corresponded with low levels of social loneliness. High frequency of social contacts with family, friends, or neighbors was negatively related to both emotional and social loneliness. Results show that frequency of such contacts appeared to buffer the effect of continence on emotional loneliness and the effect of toileting and transferring on social loneliness.


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[Abstract] [PDF]