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Western Journal of Nursing Research
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Caregiver Singing and Background Music in Dementia Care

Eva Götell

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy & Elderly Care Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine, and Center for Elderly Care Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden and Department of Science and Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden

Steven Brown

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy & Elderly Care Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine, and Center for Elderly Care Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden and Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio

Sirkka-Liisa Ekman

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy & Elderly Care Research, Division of Geriatric Medicine, and Center for Elderly Care Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden and Department of Science and Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden

Caregiver singing and background music were incorporated into the interaction between caregiver and patient, the aim being to illuminate the meaning of verbal communication between persons with severe dementia and their caregivers. In the absence of music, patients communicated with cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with dementia. In these situations, caregivers devoted their verbal communication to narrating and explaining their caring activities to the patient. The patient and caregiver, however, had difficulties understanding one another. In the presence of background music, caregivers decreased their verbal instructing and narrating while the patient communicated with an increased understanding of the situation, both verbally and behaviorally. During caregiver singing, a paradoxical effect was observed such that despite an evident reduction in the amount of verbal narration and description by the caregiver, the patient implicitly understood what was happening.

Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, 195-216 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/019394590202400208
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T. Eggers, A. Norberg, and S.-L. Ekman
Counteracting Fragmentation in the Care of People With Moderate and Severe Dementia
Clin Nurs Res, November 1, 2005; 14(4): 343 - 369.
[Abstract] [PDF]