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Western Journal of Nursing Research
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Symbols of Menarche Identified by African American Females

Dorothy J. Hawthorne

College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City

This study was conducted to identify and describe symbolic themes of menarche. The qualitative case study design was used with a purposive sample of 30 participants (15 mothers and their 15 daughters) in answering 2 questions: (a) How do 9- and 10-year-old African American girls view the meaning of their menarcheal flow?, and (b) How do African American mothers view the meaning of menarche? Data were collected through interviews 2 to 5 days after completion of menarche. A cross-case comparison analysis of the interviews revealed 4 themes: (a) vaginal bleeding, (b) sexual maturation, (c) premenarcheal sexual activity, and (d) sexual payback to fathers. With the exception of the latter, all themes were supported in earlier studies of Euro-American girls. These findings indicate the need for further research addressing self-concept at menarche, impact of menarche on family relationships, and views of fathers about sexual pay-back as a symbol of menarche.

Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 24, No. 5, 484-501 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/019394590202400503
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