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Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 27, No. 6, 755-771 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0193945905276585

Assessing Cross-Cultural Equivalence Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Kuei-Hsiang Hsueh

University of Missouri—St. Louis, College of Nursing

Linda R. Phillips

University of Arizona, Arizona Center on Aging, Arizona Geriatric Education Center

WenYun Cheng

University of Minnesota, National Cheng Kung University, School of Nursing, Taiwan

Sandra J. Fulton Picot

University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Nursing, Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health

This article presents a study in which Picot’s caregiver rewards scale (PCRS), originally developed in English, was cross-culturally validated with 137 Chinese adult children family caregivers in the United States using confirmatory factor analysis. A one-factor structure of the 21-item revised Chinese PCRS was supported as indicated by goodness-of-fit index = .94, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .93, standardized root mean square residual = .09, and chi-square to df ratio = 2.7. Chi-square for this model was (X2 [189, n = 137] = 514, p < .05). The standardized alpha was .90. All factor loadings were significant (p < .00) and above .30. Construct validity was supported by significant associations with caregivers’ filial beliefs (r = .32, p < .01) and caregivers’ filial affection toward parents (r = .23, p < .05). Results suggest that the Chinese PCRS is a summative measure of perceived caregiver rewards with potential for evaluating interventions to reduce perceived burden among adult children family caregivers.

Key Words: family caregiving • confirmatory factor analysis • cross-cultural equivalence • Chinese Picot caregiver rewards scale


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