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This version was published on December 1, 2007
Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 29, No. 8, 1015-1032 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0193945907303076

Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale

Donna Algase

University of Michigan, dalgase{at}umich.edu.

Gwi-Ryung Son

HanYang University

Cynthia Beel-Bates

Grand Valley State University

Junah Song

Korea University College of Nursing

Lan Yao

University of Michigan

Elizabeth Beattie

University of Michigan

Sara Leitsch

National Opinion Research Center, Chicago

This study evaluates three versions of the Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale (WES), developed to differentiate problems of wayfinding and wandering behavior of community-residing elders with dementia (EWD), in 266 dyads (EWD and caregiver) recruited from Alzheimer's Association chapters. Factor analyses yield a five-factor solution (explained variance = 62.6%): complex wayfinding goals, analytic strategies, global strategies, simple wayfinding goals, and being stimulus bound. Overall, internal consistencies are high: WES (.94-.95), and subscales are stable across all versions. Testretest reliability is acceptable for the overall WES and two subscales (complex and simple wayfinding goals) for the care recipient current behavior version. Construct validity is supported by the pattern of correlations among subscales and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showing significant differences among the care recipient (current vs. prior behavior) and caregiver versions overall and for all subscales. Results support the WES as a valid and reliable measure of wayfinding effectiveness in persons with dementia.

Key Words: dementia • wayfinding • wandering • instrument • community


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