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Western Journal of Nursing Research
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The Effect of Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Hand Moxibustion Therapy on Premenstrual Syndrome Among Korean Women

Kyung Rim Shin

Ewha Womans University

Ju Young Ha

Pusan National University

Hyo Jung Park

Ewha Womans University, hyojungp{at}ewha.ac.kr

Margaret Heitkemper

University of Washington

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms can reduce quality of life and impair daily functioning. This study examined the effects of Korean hand acupuncture therapy (HAT) and hand moxibustion therapy (HMT) on symptom severity in Korean women with PMS. This quasi-experimental pilot study based on the khi, yin, yang, and the five elements theory used a nonequivalent control group pretest—posttest design. Experimental groups received 10 sessions of either HAT or HMT treatment. Outcome measures included menstrual symptom severity as measured with the Menstrual Symptom Severity List and skin temperature change measured with Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging. Both experimental groups had significantly reduced overall PMS symptom severity scores following therapy as compared to women in the control group. The HMT but not the HAT group showed improved flow of khi and balanced skin temperature in symmetric body areas. HAT and HMT may be effective strategies for women to reduce PMS symptoms.

Key Words: premenstrual syndrome • Korean • hand acupuncture • hand moxibustion • khi

This version was published on March 1, 2009

Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 31, No. 2, 171-186 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0193945908323650
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